Welsh People Possessed a Sense Common Heritage Essay -- Welsh history

In the introduction to the course, Gareth Elwyn Jones states that the specifics of the history of Wales have compelled its people to conceive of nationhood in quite divers(prenominal) terms to those of other nations , these other terms are a sense of community, language, culture and a feeling of common heritage . The course as a whole can then be considered as a brief investigation into these expressions of Welsh national identity.Perhaps Llywelyn ap Gruffydd was attempting to ossify these ephemeral qualities in the new-fangled thirteenth century when, in the words of Rees Davies, he sought to convert the primacy of Gwynedd among the native dynasties into the leadership of a united native Wales whose status as a separate and unitary principality would be acknowledged by the English Crown , although Davies has to concede that Llywelyns efforts were restricted to the pura Wallia of the unconquered parts of Wales , referring to those parts of the hoidenish that had so far avoided as similation into Anglo-Norman England in the preceding two centuries. Llywelyn was ultimately unsuccessful, perhaps in large part because the Wales that he sought to build was his individualized dynastic and political goal of the nation, and was not a goal held nor supported by many of his immediate contemporaries, including his brother . Similarly, Daviess interpretation of the Edwardian achievement of Wales has not been accepted wholesale, Antony Carr rejects Daviess notion that Edwards conquest was a national disaster and reminds us that for most people the new regime meant petty change and the traditional leaders of the community retained their power and influence. Indeed, in some ways Gwynedd may have been better off under Edward than it had been und... ...A182 catch 1 Introduction Wales and history, Milton Keynes, The Open University, 2009.Williams, G., Religion and belief in Barlow, H. (ed.) (2009) Small Country, Big History Themes in the History of Wales The Reader, M ilton Keynes, The Open University.Jones, G.E. Tudor Wales, http//openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/3805/via/oucontent/course/82/tudor_wales.pdf, accessed 11 January 2011.Jones, G. E. Wales 1880 1914, http//openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/3805/via/oucontent/course/82/wales1880_1914.pdf, accessed 11 January 2011Thomas, P. D.G., http//openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/3805/via/oucontent/course/82/theremakingofwalesintheeighteenthcentury.pdf, accessed 11 January 2011.Williams, G. A., Beginnings of Radicalism, http//openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/3805/via/oucontent/course/82/beginningsofradicalism.pdf, accessed 11 January 2011

About time to give animals their rights, right? Essay -- social issues

Ab aside time to give living organisms their rights, right?Animal what comes to your mind when you hear this word? Perhaps something furry, something feathery, something slimy, something with a beak or lots of sharp teeth, - right? I am sure this what comes to almost everyones mind when they think Animal. However, do you think of life, a slaughter heart, and receptiveness to stimulants, feelings, and a struggle for survival amidst tremendous odds? Take a minute to stop and think of this after all, animals argonnt the cuddly stuffed toys that you picture in department stores. They are living, breathing creatures, given a life just as we humans extradite. They too have to live, eat, survive, and live their lives. But on that point is a huge difference between the way animals live and the way humans live. Animals have to struggle for survival they have to fight for their lives. They do non people to help post care of their babies for them, to cook for them, no family members for guidance and help the things that humans tend to take for granted. No. Animals are solely on their own from the minute they take their first breath to the minute they take their last. They have to eat for survival, defend themselves with nonhing except themselves, build their own homes, take care of and protect their young. To them life is an extremely tough existence, and they have to make do with whatever they have and cannot demand for anything more. Sounds kind of harsh, doesnt it? Yes, thats an animals life The world today is beseeming less aware of the pain and suffering being inflicted on animals. As a result, animals are becoming even more and more downtrodden in society. Humans have, and continue to, treat animals as if they are property, as if we can own and therefore control their lives and what happens to them. This is immoral, animals are here for themselves, animals have their own lives, and they think, have feelings, feel pain, require love (from their own species ), feel emotional hurt, have families, and everything else that humans do. To just simply label that non-human animals should have no rights beca habit theyre defective is a mindless statement People come to this conclusion because they come up with some mindless play around like, non-human animals cant talk, drive cars or vote, and therefore they have no non-tradable properties. Well answer me this do non-human animal... ... what does this achieve? We are only finding place things we already know such as we know smoking causes cancer, drinking ruins the liver and we know the side effects of drugs on humans and the results from these experiments are not totally 100% accurate anyway because animals are different to humans. After years of developing science and technology why do we still use these unreliable and inhumanely cruel methods to find out little or no information about cures for diseases? Shouldnt all the money and effort worn out(p) be spent on preventing these disease s in the first place by changing the environment around them instead of using all these inhumane tests on all these animals to prove nothing? I hope that I have given enough examples to prove what I have been trying to point out all along Give them a chance They cannot retaliate they scream in pain, yes they do, but to most hunters that is actually a good sign It shows that they have conquered over the animal sadistic, isnt it? Please, to all who read this, appreciate animals, accept the fact that this earth is more theirs than ours, and please give them their rights. If only we could imagine ourselves in their situation

Doud Chronicles Power Trip :: Essays Papers

Doud Chronicles Power slipperiness The story Disneys Doug Chronicles Power Trip is astir(predicate) Doug and his problems at school. Dougs problem was that Vice Principle Bone chose Doug to be the hall monitor. Doug was surprised because he was hand-picked from all the other macho-manents. At number one Doug thought that it would be dorky, he put on the orange belt but as he was walk of life to class all the other students were walking the opposite direction, Doug saw he friend, Skeeter. Doug asked whats going on? Principle White Announced that there was going to be an assembly in the auditorium, Skeeter said. The assembly was about a police man from the city, Doug saw how he looked in the uniform and he started day dreaming about him being hall monitor and how he can impress Patti (Doug has a crush on Patti). On Tuesday Doug was doing his regular routine of being the hall monitor, Doug saw Roger the school bully, walking by as the tardy bell rang. Since Doug was new h e let him slide and just give him a warning, the other kids in the classroom were amazed that Doug actually stud up to Roger.On Wednesday Doug felt he had more power. A student went up to Doug congratulated him.As Doug was going back to class he saw Roger and his gang in the hall Doug pointed at the clock and Roger left disappointed. On Thursday, Doug was getting a little carried away, he was standing on a stepladder with a megaphone in his hand barking orders. Doug saw Patti running but he just asked would you please slow down? Skeeter walked up to Doug, Skeeter started talking but it seemed that nobody was home. Skeeter walked away mutter disapoitedly.When Doug went home he still felt like he was in control, he started telling everyone what and what not to do, everyone was angry at Doug.Finally on Friday forenoon Doug once again caught Patti running, Doug was nervous of what to do, he tried not look at her eyes as he was giving her a detention slip. Patti was doubtlessly upset . Doug really felt bad and he decided to wait for her before she got to detention but unexpectedly it was Vice Principle Bone to arrive first, Doug

Achilles :: essays research papers

Achilles was the son of the mortal Peleus and the Nereid Thetis. He was the mightiest of the Greeks who fought in the Trojan War, and was the hero of Homers Iliad. Thetis attempted unsuccessfully to make her son immortal. There are ii versions of the story. In the earlier version, Thetis anointed the infant with ambrosia and then placed him upon a fire to burn away his mortal portions she was interrupted by Peleus, whereupon she abandoned some(prenominal) father and son in a rage. Peleus placed the child in the care of the Centaur Chiron, who raised and educated the boy. In the later version, she held the offspring Achilles by the list and dipped him in the river Styx everything the sacred waters touched became invulnerable, but the heel remained dry and therefore unprotected. When Achilles was a boy, the seer Calchas prophesied that the city of Troy could not be taken without his help. Thetis knew that, if her son went to Troy, he would die an early death, so she sent him to th e court of Lycomedes, in Scyros there he was hidden, disguised as a young girl. During his stay he had an affair with Lycomedes daughter, Deidameia, and she had a son, Pyrrhus (or Neoptolemus), by him. Achilles disguise was finally penetrated by Odysseus, who placed arms and armor amidst a display of womens finery and seized upon Achilles when he was the further "maiden" to be fascinated by the swords and shields. Achilles then went willingly with Odysseus to Troy, leading a host of his fathers Myrmidons and accompanied by his tutor Phoenix and his close paladin Patroclus. At Troy, Achilles distinguished himself as an undefeatable warrior. Among his other exploits, he captured twenty-three towns in Trojan territory, including the town of Lyrnessos, where he took the woman Briseis as a war-prize. Later on Agamemnon, the leader of the Greeks, was forced by an oracle of Apollo to give up his own war-prize, the woman Chryseis, and took Briseis away from Achilles as compensatio n for his loss. This action sparked the central plot of the Iliad, for Achilles became angered and refused to fight for the Greeks any further. The war went badly, and the Greeks offered handsome reparations to their greatest warrior Achilles still refused to fight in person, but he agreed to allow his friend Patroclus to fight in his place, wearing his armor.

Examination of Puritan Philosophy in Bradfords On Plymouth Plantation :: essays research papers

Examination of prude Philosophy in Bradfords On Plymouth PlantationThe Puritan people send-off came to the New World to escape the religiouspersecution that hounded Non-Anglicans in England. They established thePlymouth Colony in 1620, in what is now Massachusetts. The colony was areflection of the Puritans beliefs. These beliefs, along with the experienceof establishing a colony in the middle of nowhere, affected the writings ofall who were involved with the colony. In this writing, the Puritan philosophybehind William Bradfords Of Plymouth Plantation will be revealed. Somefactors that will be considered implicate how Puritan beliefs affect WilliamBradfords interpretation of events, the representation of Puritan theology inthe above mentioned text, and how Puritanism forms the basis for Bradfordsmotivation in writing.In Bradfords text, there are numerous instances in which his beliefsaffect his interpretation of what happens. In Chapter IX (nine) of Of PlymouthPlantation, entitle d Of Their Voyage , he tells of a sailor ..of a lusty,able body.. who would always be condemning the poor people in their sicknessand cursing them daily.he didnt let to tell them that he hoped to help casthalf of them overboard forwards they came to their journeys end. But, itpleased God before they came half-seas over, to smite this young man with agrievous disease, of which he died in a desperate manner, and so was himself thefirst that was thrown overboard. Bradford believes that the sailor diedbecause God was punishing him. According to Bradford, the sailors cursing, andmistreatment of the other passengers displeased God, so God punished himaccordingly.In the same chapter, Bradford tells of another displace passenger named JohnHowland. At one point in the trip, the Mayflower came upon a violent storm.The winds of the storm were so fierce, and the seas were so high, that all thesailors and passengers had to hull for divers(prenominal) days together. During thisstorm, a young ma n named John Howland was thrown into the sea, and as Bradfordtells us, it pleased God that he caught hold of the topsail halyards which hungoverboard and ran out at length. Howland caught hold of a rope, and though hewas sundry fathoms under water, he held on until he was hauled up. Bradfordreasons that the man was saved because he was doomed by God. He goes on to saythat he became a profitable member in both church and state, implying that JohnHowland was one of the so called Puritan Saints. To the Puritans, Saints werepeople whom God was to save, so these people received Gods blessings, and

Examination of Puritan Philosophy in Bradfords On Plymouth Plantation :: essays research papers

Examination of Puritan Philosophy in Bradfords On Plymouth plantationThe Puritan masses first came to the New World to escape the religiouspersecution that hounded Non-Anglicans in England. They established thePlymouth Colony in 1620, in what is now Massachusetts. The colony was areflection of the Puritans beliefs. These beliefs, on with the experienceof establishing a colony in the middle of nowhere, affected the writings ofall who were involved with the colony. In this writing, the Puritan philosophybehind William Bradfords Of Plymouth Plantation will be revealed. Somefactors that will be considered include how Puritan beliefs affect WilliamBradfords interpretation of events, the representation of Puritan theology inthe above mentioned text, and how Puritanism forms the prat for Bradfordsmotivation in writing.In Bradfords text, there are numerous instances in which his beliefsaffect his interpretation of what happens. In Chapter IX (nine) of Of PlymouthPlantation, entitled Of Their Voyage , he shows of a sailor ..of a lusty,able body.. who would always be condemning the poor people in their sicknessand cursing them daily.he didnt let to tell them that he hoped to help casthalf of them overboard before they came to their journeys end. But, it sunny God before they came half-seas over, to smite this young man with a painful disease, of which he died in a desperate manner, and so was himself thefirst that was thrown overboard. Bradford believes that the sailor diedbecause God was punishing him. According to Bradford, the sailors cursing, andmistreatment of the other passengers displeased God, so God punished himaccordingly.In the same chapter, Bradford tells of another ship passenger named JohnHowland. At one point in the trip, the Mayflower came upon a ruby storm.The winds of the storm were so fierce, and the seas were so high, that all thesailors and passengers had to hull for divers days together. During thisstorm, a young man named John Howland was th rown into the sea, and as Bradfordtells us, it pleased God that he caught hold of the topsail halyards which hungoverboard and ran out at length. Howland caught hold of a rope, and though hewas sundry fathoms under water, he held on until he was hauled up. Bradfordreasons that the man was saved because he was blessed by God. He goes on to saythat he became a profitable member in both church and state, implying that JohnHowland was one of the so called Puritan Saints. To the Puritans, Saints werepeople whom God was to save, so these people received Gods blessings, and

Education Should No Longer Be Imparting of Knowledge Essay

We must(prenominal) turn to the infant as the key to the doom of our future life (http//www. montessorisynergies. com/synergies/trans directation/wisdom-of-montessori) Accessed 5th May, 2013 The above quotation sh exclusively be explored & revealed in the further contents of this essay. To begin with, let us first down with a brief current scenario of upbringing in our society. Current scenario of education The school must mean something else than a place of instruction, where the one t separatelyes the patchy, with pain on both sides, an effort carrying with it little success.The schools today exist to transmit knowledge though teachers and the role of the students is to absorb this knowledge and get awarded as per their marks. The education today that we have in our society is primarily bear oned in defining the curriculum and establishing high standards. The concentre on the directs of the individual disciple is hardly seen. The issues such as how the children actually want to learn, how they need to be taught, what are they actually inte relaxationed in learning about are considered irrelevant. withdraw of our societyThe need of our world today is a society that has peace, patience, tolerance, happiness, health, nonviolence, betterment of the mankind, safety, non-corruption, no poverty, and no racial discrimination. It needs a man who is active, attentive, confident, curious, expressive, dishful, honest, innovative, judgmental, observant, organized tailord, enduring & socially active. Who is a human organism? A human being is a unified personality who comes into being from a child through the age of infancy, toddlerhood, preschool & adolescence. Ultimately, child is the one who produces the man.The child before birth nside the mformer(a)s womb grows only(prenominal) physically. After a child is born he starts growth mentally & completes his psychic growth outside the womb. When the birth of the child takes place he has some hidden qualitie s in him which cannot be seen. As he continues to grow, he slowly starts revealing himself & starts showing these potentials/abilities. In order to have a society with attributes as mentioned earlier & which in turn needs a man with the required qualities, it is actually important to focus ourselves on the development of the child to help him release his potentials since he is the maker of the man. consequently, there is an urgent need to focus on a new system of education based on the idea of independence for the child within a carefully planned & incorporated milieu. It is important to recognize the crucial importance of a childs first want time of development. It is during this time that a childs power of ducking is the highest & permanent attitudes of learning are formed & which establish the person he entrust be in future. Dr. Maria Montessori, the great pioneering influential realized this need and developed the Montessori Education.As proposed by Dr Maria Montessori, it shall be now shortly discussed all the phases to be looked into to create this new system of education & how the focus on the right aids during each of these phases, help the childs future development. The Absorbent Mind The child has a creative intelligence that exists in his unconscious(p) mental stage. During the unconscious stage (0 to 3 years), he absorbs whatever is available in his environment. He learns to speak, to walk and gain control of his hands.Hence it is truly very(prenominal) much necessary to provide a carefully planned environment to the child since he will see and learn whatever is there in his environment. For e. g if we have an aggressive environment around him at mansion i. e. there is no calmness & peace, the child tends to develop as an aggressive personality since he absorbs that trait from his environment. After 3 years, the child enters into the period of conscious absorption. He starts applying now the functions that were created in the unconsci ous stage and has developed a will & memory.This helps him in growing his reasoning & concentration skills. He uses his hands & starts working and by means of work his ability develops to choose actions independently. He wants to do everything by himself. He starts developing an urge to become social & starts involving with peers as well which make him a good social being in the long run. Sensitive periods The child passes through a picky time in which he is interested in one unique characteristic of his environment known as clarified periods.He can easily develop this interest into ability if he is given the right environment & freedom. These periods are critical to a childs self-development & interrupting a child while he is in the middle of a sensitive period can result in a powerful mad response. He passes through the sensitive periods of order, movement, language, awarenesss, minuscular objects & social aspects. As we see further below, we realize that the right environme nt & freedom given to the child during each of these periods provide a strong base to lay the foundation of a well-developed human being.The child seeks order so he can adapt himself to his environment. For e. g. If a child who comes home from school, has a habit of seeing all the things at place & has his belongings are accessible to him & and one day the settings at home are changed completely, nothing is at the same place as earlier, the child starts showing a dislike. This disorder can be an obstacle to his development. The order helps him to orientate himself. He becomes organized & systematic which is a crucial requisite for his development.Another sensitive period that the child goes through is the sensitivity to five senses. The child is developing his senses & his attention is therefore directed towards the observation of the objects in his environment. In order to help him this development, Sensorial subject was introduced in the Montessori education to enable him to explo re contrasting attributes of the environment. By using all his basic five senses, the child is able to explore the qualities of the objects in his environment, with separate substantives.For e. g. a child using his tactile(touch) & visual sense is able to explore the different dimensions of an object i. e. height, diameter etc. The usage of these materials develops in child the qualities of attention, experiment, observation, exploration, judgement & comparison. The sensitive period of movement is alike very important for the child development. The child has started learning to crawl, walk, jump, climb, swing around & carry things and wants to perfect his movement.Hence it is important to provide the right environment & give freedom to develop his fine & gross motor skills for his life. He should be not stopped or provided help when he is able to do the activity himself. resistance e. g. if he is able to walk himself up till a point, we should not stop & pick him up just because we are not able to chain of mountains quickly to our destination. This makes the child frustrated & breaks his concentration. He does not gain the self-control & self-independence. The other sensitive period is to smaller objects.The child keeps observing all the small details around him. He focuses on the army of ants in the playground, the leaves, the flowers, everything around him which makes him to focus. He also wants to know the reason for all these activities which make him curious & intuitive. It is very important to answer his questions since discouraging his curiosity makes him less observant & lazy which will be followed till he becomes an adult. Sensitivity to language is another very important aspect. During this time the child is sensitive to the words around him & absorbs them.He takes in sounds, words to acquire language which is a pre requisite for the child to form into a man. The Montessori environment provides a rich vocabulary & right pronunciation to the chil d which helps him in refining his language. This makes him a good speaker, writer, reader & confident which develops his self-esteem. The surround Especially at the beginning of life must we, therefore, make the environment as interesting & attractive as we can (The Absorbent Mind, Chapter 9, Page 103) purlieu refers to the surroundings in which the child is growing.The environment needs to be very rich & it should provide all the things required for the child to develop since he has an absorbent material nous & the sensitive periods. The Montessori environment includes the children, the teacher & the materials and offers the important elements for the optimal development of the child. Here is a brief discussion on these Beauty, order, reality & simplicity The environment follows the concept of reality. The materials are real since the child has to ultimately face them in the real world later.Children are given freedom to work & speak with other children. This helps them to socia lize. They are taught to look on the other children (should not disturb the other children), respect the material (should not destroy the material) and respect the the environment (should not hurt others and brood children/teachers with g fly the coop & courtesy). The mixed age group children in a Montessori school encourage the social development & moral values of the children. The little ones learn from the ripened ones & the older ones learn by teaching the younger.I would like to express an example here from the observation I did for the child development. A younger child aged 2 1/2 years fell down from the swing in the play area. An older boy almost 4 years old quickly came to pick him up & consoled him not to cry. The mixed age group also removes competition. The Teacher The teacher is a growing person, always alert to learn new things & increase her self-knowledge. She should be mentally active & physically passive which means that she should have the capacity to observe that the child is in which state of development.The objects, not the teaching given by the mistress, form the principal agent, and it is the child who uses them, who is the active being, not the teacher (The Discovery of the Child, Chapter 11, Page 179) Maria Montessori believed that the teachers duty is to let the child choose an activity himself by using the materials according to his own needs and interest. In this way, the materials become his object of development. She should not phalanx the child to do a particular activity rather just act as a source of guidance & provide him the freedom to perform. nevertheless to the above, a teacher must possess the following attributes in her Respect for the child, should be able to channelize the potentials of the child in the right direction, clear all the obstacles in his development, social qualities such as friendly, understanding and tolerant. An addition, are the Laws of Development that are used by the child for revealing himse lf. These are described briefly as below Law of work Children start gaining all the qualities of patience, discipline & attention through the work with the materials.It is the magic of the work through the materials that enables them to use their energies in constructive development. Children keep on repeating the task till they achieve perfection. For e. g we can observe at home that if we give a small child a task of dusting a table, he will keep on doing it till he masters himself in cleaning the smallest particle of dust. Hence it is the work through the repetition & practice that he gains perfection. Law of independence To be independent, a child should be allowed to work himself if he is able to, without the flying help of others.The more he works himself, the more independent & self-confident he becomes. The independence can be given in the ways of heavy(p) the opportunity to work with the materials (activities such as tie laces, button/unbutton, zip/unzip ), should be allowed to do things on his own for his personal care & hygiene like dressing, bathing, brushing hair & teeth and should be allowed to take decisions for himself for instance, for a club activity, we should let the child choose an activity as per his own interest rather than force him to choose something just for our own content.This will suppress the interest & affect the decision making ability of the child in the long run. Development of intelligence Intelligence means application of knowledge. It is an ability to differentiate & make judgment. The sensorial materials are such that they help the child to focus on one quality. For e. g. the cubes in the pink tower are all of the same colors & concentrate only on the size. The focus of the childs mind on one attribute leads him to make a comparison of the objects, thus fortune him in developing his comparison & judgmental skills.Development of imagination & creativity Imagination & creativity are inborn powers in the child that develop as he interacts with the environment. Imagination is based on something that we have experienced in the past. The cultural activities in a Montessori environment such as construction, technology, science, math, language, art & craft, music & imaginative play help to foster imaginative skills thus helping him in his future development. Development of randy & spiritual life A child needs a warm & loving environment to meet his emotional & spiritual needs.Through the daily life practical exercises in the Montessori environment, they are taught to be courteous & considerate. They learn how to share since there is only one unmarried material for each activity & also develop patience since they need to wait for their turn once a child already working with the material finishes his activity. It was also observed that while working with the materials they undergo a stage where their physical & mental developments are both harmonized known as normalization.The active Montessori e nvironment facilitates the process of normalization by offering materials. The normalised children have love of order, love of work, concentration, attachment to reality & nature, love of silence, obedience and self-discipline Dr. Maria Montessori was also able to identify the important tendencies (behavioral patterns) that compel the human beings to construct & refine themselves.These patterns are the ones that children isplay naturally and should be considered when preparing the environment Exploration, order, communication, work, concentration, repetition, perfection, self-control, creativity & independence Children raised in environments prepared according to the basic human tendencies as above, tend to be secure, healthy, and happy children. The Parent Parents have a very important mission. They are the only ones who can save their children by uniting & working together for the improvement of society (The Secret of Childhood, Chapter 30, Page 215) Parenting is the most pleasur able & the most challenging job.Parents must protect their child & have a deep concern for him. They should take care of the below errors Showering with material goods Should not equip their child with mobiles, videogames etc. as a substitute for the time & attention desired by him. Unnecessary dependence on caretakers Should not rely on caretakers since they themselves are too in use(p) to devote time to their child. Unrealistic praise Should not offer unrealistic praise to their children in the form of compliments.When children fail to receive such compliments from the rest of the world, they become confused & lose their self-esteem. Paying more attention to negative behavior Parents should not overlook their childrens good behavior & punish them for their enceinte behavior. Things such as not doing homework, poor marks, mess at home direct more attention of the parents. Thus children get more attention for being bad & hence try to keep on doing bad activities to get attenti on. This work will be an interest to parents, teachers & policy makers that attention to young childrens physical, emotional, social, moral development is very much important. A child is a mystery.He has the highest potentialities but we cannot make out that who he will be in future unless we help him in releasing these. He has his own natural powers to develop. His unknown energy within him can be utilized for the betterment of the mankind. large him the freedom and support to question, the child will become confident & enthusiastic. A method of schooling that will focus on personal development will produce more mature, creative and socially adept children. The verbal teaching as in todays schools being substituted by Sensorial materials, which endure a control of error will permit the child o teach himself by his own effort.The actively & orderly prepared environment, sensorial materials and special ways of viewing & teaching the child in the Montessori education will help him t o function independently. Children of different ages sharing the same classes will cooperate and help each other and learn how to live in a community and how to re-solve conflicts peacefully. Children will learn non-violence and conflict resolution. They will learn need to respect themselves, respect parents and respect other human beings . They will get a sense of their own ability to learn new things, master new skills & solve problems.This new way of education will provide a caring environment to the childs learning & growing, focusing on his energy & understanding him, thereby enhancing his overall development. It will respect & honor the children. Through this nourishment of the new of education, he will become an adult with a commitment & strength to exchange the society. This will help in providing peace & prosperity to the nation. This is a task of developing the inner potentials of a child in which everyone regardless of caste, creed & race must participate & share since i t means bringing out a crucial element the child, for the normal progress of mankind.

Alternative Energy

The future of humanity Is at stake cod to the high utilisation of zero sources that ar used to stimulate us through with(predicate) our everyday lives Our most common methods of generating energy atomic number 18 polluting our beloved planet Earth and cutthroat up the ozone layer. Also, m some(prenominal)(prenominal) of these methods we are contemporaryly abusing to generate energy are non-renew adapted. Thats means we could wear come out of the closet any day straightway. This is a formula for realized disaster, broad(a)ly dont be scared. Like most things we can mold this situation we beget put ourselves into with alternative energy sources. Sorry Captain Planet it looks worry you impart be sitting this one out. on that point are many different forms of clean and renewable alternative energy. Fortunately it look likes we may be headed conquer the right manner to saving humanity. Some of these forms of alternative energy that can definitely help solve the prob lem are point energy total heat solar advocator expand energy. Currently wind power further provides about 0. 15 percent of the worlds electricity provided It has become one of the rapid growing forms of clean, alternative energy. Gigantic windmills, also known as wind turbines are sprouting up all across the land and seas of the world.These towers can be a massive one hundred meters tall. One f these towers alone has the ability to produce 1,650 kilowatts of power. That Is enough electricity to adequately power roughly 350 europiuman homes. Since 1992, more than commercial wind furthermostms have been installed in more countries than ever before. There are now 40,000 turbines in 40 countries, and the worlds wind energy strength is growing at nearly 27 per cent annually. In 1998, it topped 10,000 megawatts (MM), about the total energy producing capacity of a country like Denmark.The 1999 figures are non all in, provided we know that 1998 was a boom year for the wind po wer Industry. Equipment sales topped $2 billion and thither ere 35,000 Jobs In the sector worldwide. Growth Is expected to continue at about 25 per cent a year. (Madsen, Pa. 6) In Europe on that point are plans to have forty thousand megawatts of wind power Installed by the end of 2010. Wind is one of the best sources sources of alternative energy due to the fact it is completely milieually kindly and we will never run out of wind. Denmark, the wind energy pioneer, coers 10 per cent of its electricity consumption from wind power, delivered from an installed capacity of some 1,700 MM(Madsen, Pa. 8). Not far behind are also Germany and Spain due to the terrain and steady flow of mind. While everything is working out great for wind power over in Europe things arent going quite as salutary here in the U. S. A, unfortunately. Currently wind power only provides about 0. 1 percent of the continents electricity needs. This is due in large part to a congressional argument every lucifer of years about a tax break to help supercharge the wind power Industry. Wind turbines produce electricity in California for between 4. 5 cents and 4. 8 cents per K-H, roughly the same as the embody of power from a coal-fired plant. Emory Loves of the Rocky Mountain Institute In Colorado lives that a new generation of sugarless(prenominal)(prenominal) wind turbines will improve efficiency and the U. S. A. Is not the only area slacking in the wind power industry. Asia, South America and Africa are even farther behind, in regards to wind power, than the U. S. A. Experts believe that twenty dollar bill percent of the entire worlds energy needs could be supplied by wind power.There is enough wind to provide twice the expected global electricity subscribe to for 2020. Even if only 10 percent of energy needs were met by wind power, the world would be spared about 10 billion tons of snow emissions (out of a total of 60-70 billion tons). To achieve this goal, 120 times more wind capacit y would have to be installed than in that respect is would be very high, but operation and marginal. (Madsen, Pa. 12) today. The initial investment required living costs would be As with every industry, the technology of wind turbines has improved greatly over the years.The manufacturers have been building bigger and better turbines and as a result of this the price of wind power has been dropping by about twenty percent since 1999. This makes wind power not only a great environmental choice but also a great economical choice. In the long run wind power is much cheaper than rotational ways of generating energy like coal power plants. Once the turbines are installed they require very little maintenance and fuel does not need to be purchased or ga on that pointd to allow them to make up the energy we need. As far underpin as Jules Verne, visionaries have predicted that conjunction will someday be utterly transformed by energy based on hydrogen. (Strip, Len. 1) We have more hydrog en in the universe than any early(a) element. Hydrogen is extremely clean and produces mostly Just water vapor when it is burned. Fuel cells power by hydrogen will be able to solve many energy problems that we currently face. The technology is already in place and ready right now to allow to hydrogen to take over as the main resource for generating energy.It may take a while to be able to transform most everything we depend tog e through our daily lives, but for a cleaner more efficient future it is definitely the right path to take. The first step down the hydrogen path would be to outfit fuel stations for hydrogen powered vehicles, which there are a few that were recently put out on the market. Manufacturers macrocosm able to mass produce the hydrogen fuel cells will also be a big boost as it would greatly decrease the cost for the mass market. Around the industrialized world, the seeds of oil displacement are already visible.Next year, for instance, three major energy compani es in Scandinavia plan to build a pilot lamp plant to make hydrogen from wind power. While its only a start, the implications are huge Denmark, the world wind-power leader, already gets nearly 15% of its electricity from the wind. riding habit that electricity to produce hydrogen, and the Danes would have the energy equivalent of the Euro an energy currency that can be efficiently swapped for heat or locomotion, or turned cover into electricity. And while electricity is hard to store n large quantities, hydrogen is easy.The Scandinavians plan to use it in fuel- cell that equipped buildings and vehiclessuch as the hydrogen-powered buses Demolishers expects to twine out in Europe next year. (Strip, Pa. 8) An another(prenominal) great thing about hydrogen power is that it can be used to hold other produce hydrogen. That benefits everyone in two ways. First, producing hydrogen while harnessing the power of the wind or the sun does not produce and harmful emissions that can damage th e ozone layer. Secondly, electricity is hard to store but hydrogen is very easy.Today, 20 percent of all units sold to heat pools are solar. The potential value of the technology is shown in Israel, where solar hot water heaters displace 6 percent of the countrys total electricity consumption. (Hammer, Pa. 9) Not only is solar energy heir savings. It is estimated that by 2020 there will be over 1 50,000 Americans employed in the photovoltaic industry. (Hammer, Pa. 9) Wave energy has been hailed as the most promising renewable source for nautical countries. It does no environmental damage and is inexhaustible?the waves go on for ever.It is invariably popular with the public, which has a sentimental love of the sea. (Ross, Pa. 1) Getting energy from the wave of the nautical is probably one of the oldest and best ideas for alternative energy. The first patent for wave energy was filed by a father and son during the time of the French Revolution. Ross, Pa. 2) Unfortunately, there was w as little progress in converting this great resource into usable energy until the last quarter century due to little knowledge of what a wave really is and how it worked(Ross, Pa. 3).Harnessing the massive of power of waves to generate energy has been a daunting task so far because of the harsh conditions the equipment must be able to endure. There has been success though. Yogis Massed, from Japan, invented the oscillating water column (OCW)? effectively a chimney which stands on the seabed and admits the waves through its base. As they rise and fall in the move over sea outside, the n opening near to height of the column of water inside rises and falls too. As the water level rises, air is forced up and out through a turbine which spins and drives the generator.As it falls again, air is sucked back in from the atmosphere to fill the resulting vacuum and once again the turbo-generator is activated. Professor Alan Wells of Queens University, Belfast, greatly improved the efficiency of the invention by devising a turbine which spins in the same direction regardless of whether the air is being pushed out or sucked back into the chimney. (Ross, Pa. 6-7) This is Just one of the many ways of of generating power room waves that is currently in use or under development by researchers around the world.One of the more interesting methods that is currently under going testing and development is the Salvers Duck, invented by Professor Stephen Salter of Edinburgh University. His invention consists of cones called ducks that are built around a grit that is connected to a central generator. As the ducks bob up and down while they are they on the waves they drive the generator(Ross, Pa. 9). The biggest hurdle that wave power faces now is not the lack of knowledge to put the technology into use but the lack of financial backing. Like most new developing cosmologies it is very dearly-won to get going at first because the fact that it is new.Wave power however is a great inve stment because it has the potential to produce incredible amounts of electricity without harming the environment. The well being of our planet should come first. Its pretty hard to argue against the fact that something needs to be done help the planet we live on get back to a healthy state. The way we produce energy to get through or daily lives, not Just in America but the whole world, needs a face lift to rival that of Joan Rivers. Yes, it is authorized that face lifts are are not cheap and may not fix al the problems we currently have with how we create energy.But, everyone knows that something needs to be done. There is a chance that many of these ideas for alternative energy may end being in the rough that could turn out to be the next Brett Fare of the alternative energy industry. We need to take a chance on some of these unproven technologies for the future of the human race and our planet Earth. Not only will these new sources of energy help the planet but the economy as we ll. Thousands of new and exciting Jobs will be created. In conclusion, alternative energy sources can be the true savior of the human race.Alternative Energy interminably coughing while driving down the road, Maggie, a seventy-year-old woman presently living in Bend, Oregon makes her way towards the physician. Twice a month she has to drive just three blocks down the street to the doctors office to pick up her medication. Maggie has to use the medication to ease her breathing problems caused by the devastating pollution in the big city. Only fifty years ago, Bend was a beautiful, small city with clear skies and thousands of lush, commons trees. In the winter, hundreds of tourists would flock to the town for winter sports at Mount Bachelor.Now, Bend is a terribly polluted mass of buildings, streets, and people. Instead of tourists visiting in the winter for skiing and snowboarding, they come for the warm temperatures and a sweetened tan. Over the years, the pollution build up from nuclear power plants and the carbon dioxide from automobiles caused the city to have hideous smog problems. The constant exhaust protruding from the dog pipes of millions of cars across the globe caused the year-round temperatures to shoot up unstoppably. If the human race does not change the current lifestyle, this sad tale could one day be a reality.To prevent this from happening alternative energy sources should be used more frequently throughout the world. Alternative energy sources are underutilized resources that need to be embraced and used before too much harm is done to the earth, and it is too late to reverse the effects. Although many people think that it is too costly to convert to an alternative energy source, such as solar power, the money that is spent to switch from one source to another is eventually regained due to lower electric bills.A couple living in Pennsylvania has a solar photovoltaic system mounted on their roof, which generates the power needed to live. The generator then sends any extra power back to a main electrical grid causing the electric meter to spin backward, thus saving the couple hundreds of dollars. In one year, the couple generated almost five dollar bill hundred more kilowatt-hours of electrical power than they needed. Having the extra electricity meant virtually no electrical bills for the entire year the two only had to pay sixty-one dollars of customer-service fees in 2001, rather than 560 dollars of electrical bills in 1993 (Heavens).If one couples electric bill were that high in 1993, reckon how much higher it would be now. With solar power as a main source of energy, hundreds of dollars a year can be saved on electricity, eventually saving vast amounts of money for users. Some people may agree that using an alternative energy source, such as solar power, will save money, but do not want to convert because forms of alternative energy are not very widely and readily available.While it is true that there are not large amounts of various forms of alternative energy available, it is also true that more are defiantly needed. Recent blackouts have shown that there are too many people and not enough energy. According to a national trade group for utilities, the Edison Electric Institute, thousands of small neighborhood blackouts put across each year in the USA, lasting from a few seconds to a few hours (Iwata 3b). Along with those small blackouts, there were also 324 large and midsize blackouts and more than a dozen super-blackouts from 1984 to 2000.All of these blackouts are still occurring, even though the North American grid is regarded as the most advanced in the world (Iwata 3b). If there could be more energy available, then there would not be as many blackouts across the nation and people would not have to complete with going without power. While many alternative energy sources can help reduce blackouts, they can also help people maintain a better lifestyle by cutting down on smog prob lems. While driving in a car, more fuel-efficient driving habits can help a great deal in reducing pollution and smog in the city.For every one-liter of fuel that is saved, almost two and a half kilograms of carbon dioxide are kept from entering the atmosphere. Keeping the carbon dioxide from entering the air prevents smog problems, and with less smog problems numerous health problems can be reduced in the population. Many people suffer from asthma and respiratory illnesses because of so many automobiles across the globe, and, 5,000 people in Canada alone die a year from smog in the city (Breathe 16).If Canada has 5,000 deaths per year from smog, then thousands more people die across the world just from the pollution-causing exhaust fumes trailing out of vehicles around the planet. If more people use alternative fuel cars or hybrid electric cars, hundreds of people can be kept healthier because of less pollution. Along with being healthier for people, alternative energy sources help save the ozone layer, preventing more damage to the earth from occurring.According to estimates, the overall global temperature has increased five to nine degrees Fahrenheit since the last ice age (Stevens 60). This temperature fluctuation does not seem like a big deal, but with another one to six-degree chivy in temperature expected by the year 2100 (Stevens 59), ocean levels could raise destroying wildlife habitats, ocean ecosystems, and seaside cities. Also, tropical storms could become more severe, destroying any lasting cities along the coastal regions of the earth (Stevens 60).When using alternative energy sources, people can help to save the ozone layer from too much damage, helping the entire planet. Not only do alternative energy sources help to save the ozone layer, but they also help to prevent nuclear wastes from harming the earth. Nuclear power plants use radioactive materials to create energy, and after they are done with the materials, they are buried in the ground. The radioactive material that is buried in the ground, depending on the type, can cause death to many organisms by slowing killing all the cells due to radiation.For the organisms that do not die, they can either get cancer, or some sort of mutation in their reproductive cells causing damage to future generations (Weber 22). Some of the wastes from nuclear power plants can be harmful for three to five hundred years and other can be up in the millions (Weber 26). If the waste is harmful for hundreds or even millions of years, than we not only have to worry about health risks for current generations, but also the future generations across the globe.For the future generations, if the waste is harmful for so many years, the less populated areas that are now used for disposing of these wastes may one day be extremely populous regions around the country. When using nuclear power there are large amounts of harmful wastes to worry about, but with an alternative energy source, there are no harmful wastes that put risks to peoples health and environmental health. There are many different forms of alternative energy sources, all of which need to be more widely embraced and applied to current methods, otherwise too much irreversible damage could be done to the earth.The environment and the health of the human population both need protection from pollution, otherwise cities which are currently relatively small and still have clear skies and green trees, may one day end up with little amounts of trees, overgrown populations and terrible pollution problems. The global climate will rise and land ruined by nuclear wastes could still be harmful if humans have too much contact with the area. If the human race does not discover better, less destructive ways of creating energy, then who knows what the world may one day look like?

Homelessness and Solutions Homeless People

Lets all assistance the homeless During the past decade there may have been an increase in homelessness due to the struggles of routine life. People have many ideas on ways that the government or communities can help improve these situations. It is not easy to help the homeless further any help can improve their lives and our streets. It may not take them completely off our streets but it can help them to repay back on their feet.In a New York Times article, Rooms of Their Own on January 21, 1990 by Anna Quindlen, she reports that after observing people on the streets that all they want it a dependable place to live to call home where they can have some privacy. She describes that many are mentally ill that the government cannot support any longer. many homeless are former inmates that just need a little help getting back into society. Anna argues that the government should have to help by trapping them in small studio like room to help them get back on their feet.By doing thi s it may get them back in the community and workings soon to be on their own and not need the help any longer. Stuart D. Bykofsky complains in Newsweek, No Heart for the Homeless, on December 1, 1986 that he is fed up with the homeless laying around in the streets and making his community disgusting and unsafe to walk. He argues that why should individuals settle for these kinds of people reinforcement on there property for free and get away with it. He believes that it is not fair that they get to live on the streets for free and whileRivas 2 assess payers are getting fined for any reason. Stuart explains that the homeless need no excuse to live on the streets if there is a shelter to go to. It is their choice to go but if they choose not to then they should be fined for it as well. Not all homeless are the same because they all have different situations on why they have become homeless. Some of them have gotten laid off and simply cannot find w a job to support their families. This is all a part of Stevens Vanderstaaty claim in his book, Solutions Homeless People Seek.He reveals that these unemployed people just want to work so they can get back into the community, but believe they shouldnt have to go through all different kinds of training and programs for a job that they already have implement in. He points out that what homeless need is help getting back to society by their certain situations they may face of drug and alcohol programs or resources to help each individual that may need help mentally, physically or financially.After reading all three essays I find that any help would it be, donating time or money would help the homeless. It would show that the community does care for them as well as their surroundings to make it a cleaner and a safer place to live. Homeless or not everyone needs help may it be financially, emotionally or physically the government should have resources to help everyone

Depression, symptoms of depression Essay

Depression is a psychological condition that changes how you think, feel, and it also affects your social behavior and sentiency of physical wellness. I muckle make you feel low self esteem and can cause self-depreciation. Depression is not feeling sad occasionally, it is a constant feeling of sadness that stays with you. If not treated it can affect the way you act, feel, and the way you think. It can also cause you to be more(prenominal) pessimistic towards family members, or friends. Depression is one of the most common psychological problems. It affects nearly everyone through either mortalal run throughs or through stamp in a family member. Every year about 17 million American adults experience a period of clinical depression. Depression has lots lead to felo-de-se in many untreated cases.Depression can affect everyone. Most spate who seek medical attention for depression are treated and recovered successfully. Although most people do seek professional help, not all do , which may cause physical illness to that mortal. It can cause loss of appetite, changes in sleeping habits. It can also cause you to lose interest in things that you erst like to do (sports, friends, being outdoors.)The symptoms are not recognized as depression. Most people who are depressed appear lazy or tired. Most people who are depressed do not realize it themselves, scarce they do feel a change in themselves, that often they do not tell others about. The underlying cause is less often examined. The causes of depression can be many things. Past trauma, financial problems, peer pressure, relationship problems, death in the family, and stress, are some of the more common causes of depression. Depression in jr. children is usually caused by bad family life or divorce. The part of the brain that effects emotions such as depression is the Frontal Lobe.The Frontal lobe is found in the area around the forehead. The mental symptoms of depression are difficulty in concentrating, sl owed thinking, and indecisiveness. A depressed person may be easily distracted and retrospect may be impaired. In some sobering cases depression may be related to psychosis, which means that they lose touch with reality. For example they may experience hallucinations or claim to hear voices in their head. This serious of a depression may also be known as bi-polar disorder.People with depression often experience changes in thinking. This means that people will father problems concentrating or decision making. They might also acquit short term memory, or immerse things all the time. Most depressed people have negative thoughts about themselves (harming themselves or others). Pessimism, poor self-esteem, excessive guilt, and self criticism are also symptoms. A person who is depressed may have changes in the way they feel. They may feel sad for no reason at all, some people that have depression say that they no longer find and interest in the activities that they once loved. Irrita bility is also a symptom of depression a person may seem more irritated with every little thing than usual. Eating disorders may also occur during depression. For example, not eat plenty, or eating a lot more. People who are around a depressed person can often tell that there is something wrong because of the way the person acts, or their behavior.Depression is very common among teenagers. Teenagers tend to have more problems with their parents during their teen years. This can cause depression. They may also be faced with serious peer pressure which can overwhelm them and make them become depressed. As the amount of teenagers who are depressed rises, so does the number of suicides in teens. Clinical studies have proven that teen depression almost always leads to thoughts of suicide. The number one cause of teen suicide is untreated depression, which is why it is important to get sermon if you recognize any symptoms in a teen.Treatment is mandatory for serious cases of depression . The first step to becoming cured is to evaluate the type of depression that is occurring, once that is done you must determine what type of depression it is. Psychologists ask people with depression when the first time the started feeling depressed, how severe it is, and if you have had signs of depression beforehand in your lifetime. There are two cures for depression, psychotherapy, and anti-depressant medication. Most people do well when treated with psychotherapy, but medication works faster than psychotherapy. Some people require psychotherapy along with medication. The down side to medication is that it doesntcure depression, it only treats the symptoms of it.To manage depression you must first identify the feelings that you have. formerly you have done that you must put these feelings into perspective and focus on the positive things in your life instead of dwelling on past problems. These steps are not always easy for people to follow. People who dwell on past traumas a lmost always become depressed.In conclusion depression is a treatable disease that is cause by many different things. The fact that depression is a serious disease is not taken seriously enough in society today. People who are suspicious that a person may be depressed should contact someone about it as concisely as possible before it leads to suicide.

Brazilian Racial Politics Essay

The reading provided, extracted from Orpheus and Power by Michael George Hanchard, critiques the Race vs. Class Paradigm that is widespread in the Brazilian night club. By weaving unitedly some works of the more renowned analysts and sociologists of the topic, he highlights two main things firstly, the salient points of their claims and secondly, the faults in their arguments. By comparing and contrasting two schools of thought on the issue, Class-based and Structuralist, he points out certain weaknesses and the glaring irreconcilability of such thought when applied to the trends in Brazilian economic society.The subject of Race and Class and their contributions into creating a society wherein oppression has been structured into policy has fueled many debates, much of them still ongoing. While there has not been any theoretical consensus reached, a characteristic that is invariably attendant in the field of academia, there is however, a fortunate by-product in that it has broade ned the body of current knowledge to emb stimulate other topics into the discussion such as modes of production and social inequality.It is also interesting to note that the post-World War II era, as represented by the works of Oliver Cox and Stanley Greenberg, show the minimal agreement betwixt scholars that race, at the very least, plays cuts an integral figure in structuring the oppressive social inequality. This makes for a broader, richer and more interesting scholarly debate. Hanchard begins the comparison with a discussion on Economic Determinism and the study of the Negro population in Brazilian society through the written work of ane Florestan Fernandes, Democracia Racial.Fernandes describes the relationship in the midst of the White elites and the Negroes in Brazilian society as a situation where the former limit themselves to treating the Negro with perimeter, maintaining the old ceremonial politeness in inter-racial relationships and excluding from this tolerance an y true egalitarian feeling or content. (Hanchard 32) By articulating the hegemonic position of the White population over the Black one, he more than hinted at the absence of racial body politic in Brazilian society. Fernandes analyzed the racial interaction of the society a pivotal time in economic Brazilian history.The greatness of his written work may largely be attributed the perfect timing of it. His deconstructions and analysis of Brazilian society then, through interviews and the gathering of empirical data, did much to come on the study of Brazilian racial relations. Moreover, his role and significant importance to the field is further underscored by the fact that he was the first to analyze the linkage between race and class in the context of Brazilian socio-economic knowledge. He claimed that the Brazilian Blacks were exploited both during and after slavery by uncaring whites.However, in a turn-about, he concludes that the Afro-Brazilian is dysfunctional, suffering fr om anomie, hopelessness and immorality and lacked a sense of discipline and responsibility that made them pale in comparison to Italian immigrants for competition in the fight markets. Hanchard, however, took issue with this particular conclusion and rebutted by emphasing the failure of Fernandes missed or misappreciated the important fact that the intervention of big landowners and government officials played a crucial role in creating a marketplace that preferred Southern European immigrants.In essence, Fernandes approach fails is that his discussion of the Negro social movement was confine to issues of racial inequality where race itself was autonomous and not an economic variable nor indicator. George Reid Andrews, by using an approach offered by Greenberg, refutes Fernandes claims and forwards his own. Andrews approach fares better than the previously discussed one of Fernandes to the extent that he explored the collusion between the state government and landowners to foster economic development by subsidizing European immigration creating a flinty playing field where the Blacks were the destined losers.He then claims that although slavery played the role of a detrimental catalyst in Brazilian socio-economic development, it is but one of many factors to the displacement of Afro-Brazilian workers. He considered state intervention more critical in that policy itself structured the economic oppression by the doling out of development funds in a very preferential treatment to European immigrant workers. Thus, he introduced a very important aspect into the debates that of the material dimension of race and how it structures state policies.At this junction, the theoretical wars began to include a different perspective Structuralist. As the third generation of race relations, this school of thought rebuts and debunks the racial democracy myth proposed by their predecessors. Carlos Hasenblag and Nelson Do Valle Silva are two of the most prominent figures in t his approach that does not treat race and class as being on opposing ends of the same spectrum but rather they situated racial inequality at the very heart of socio-economic relations and the development and trends of the labour market.Harchand, however, critically points out that although there was a discussion of racial inequality, there was virtually no explanation offered how such inequality id politically constructed or heretofore contested. Despite the abstract differences between the Reductionists and Structuralists, the tendencies seemed to concur about one crucial dimension of Brazilian race relations a dimension that seemed to distinguish Afro-Brazilians from their US counterparts a lack of collective awareness of themselves as a subordinated racial group. (Hanchard 41) By analyzing the theories at hand, one thing is clear the need for a better-tailored conceptual framework to be used as a guide for racially equal policy making. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. In an effort to st op the mentality of finger-pointing to the dominant white, what has the different Afro-Brazilian social movements done, or at least attempted to bring about, in order to correct the racial inequality with regard to economic policy and labour markets? 2. What are some concrete state policies, like the Black Economic Empowerment Movement of South Africa, that can correct this historic injustice?

Consultative selling Essay

For the last five years, I pull in held the full metre gross sales position of Client Partner with a performance gain origination. In this roll, I cheat on individual, team, and organizational solutions to mainly Fortune 500 and Fortune 100 organizations. My position as a Client Partner is a consultative sales job. I partner with thickenings facilitateing them achieve better results. Consultative sales atomic number 18 quite different and genuinely unique, from traditional or transactional sales. In the Consultative sales it is not about convincing the authorisation thickening that you kick in the product they need, or how you hasten the best price.Consultative sales are about results based parleys. Key concepts to Consultative selling are relationship building, useful perceive, and closing the sale. Within the persona of consultative selling, one must have the ability to build relationships, demonstrate effective listening, and hence close the sale in order to be s uccessful. I have been in this role for nearly five years. The last two years have been spent in the field, collision facet to face with clients and potential clients weekly. The face to face meeting is essential to the consultative sales role, as this is where the three appoint concepts are demonstrated.Prior to travel to the field, I had very limited experience in live on consultative selling. My frontmost year was really trial by error. I am confident in this stolon year I lost more sells and even client relationships due to my lack of aptitudes. However, I can recall one of the most satisfying consultative selling face to face client meetings where using all three key concepts, resulted in a large client engagement. The client was Orica they are the largest manufactures and full service explosive organization specializing in the mining and engineering fields.I received a call from someone in Orica, the individual was technical lead, and she was flavor for time manageme nt training. She did not necessity to spend much time with me on the phone, nor did she desire me to come out and meet with her face to face, she simply wanting the course outline and pricing to be sent over to her. This is the non-optimal consultative selling situation. However, two weeks later, I studyd back from her, stating she wanted to go forward with the time management training program. over again during this conversation, she limited how much information she wanted to go forth.All she communicated was this was for an engineering group of 25 employees who had challenges around working very long hours. In addition they were challenged with as well many emails in the day. Although any sale is very much appreciated, this sales situation is not optimal. With consultative sales we are looking to solve occupancy problems. If we do not fully view the problem (diagnose) we cannot solve it (prescribe). Most often when we land sales as these, the clients do not reach the crave d results, resulting in no future sales. During this work-session, I went out and sat in on the time management training.I joined in one of the tables. I began to participate to principals outlined in this session. This allowed me to hear the group responses to the questions, hearing what the actual challenges this particular group faces. Throughout the program, I checked in with my contact and would implore however thing was going. Unfortunately, she would not have much to say. Shortly after the work session ended I received a call from my adviser who delivered the program. He communicated to me that within the group today the ungodliness President of Learning and Development for Orica had been a participant.At the end of the session, the Vice President asks our delivery advisor many questions about the particular solution, and its capabilities. Due to the lack of communication from my original contact, I was never aware this executive would be attending It was soon uncovered th at there was building interest. The fact that there could be additional opportunity was great news Two days later I called on the Vice President of Learning and Development for Orica, as soon as the conversation began, my conception was building a relationship.I called the Vice President asking for an particular date, with the intent of hearing his feedback on the work session along with giving a high level view of who FranklinCovey is and potentially have a deeper dive in conversation if he felt it was in alignment with Orica. I did not lead the conversation with what else I could offer Orica, but really wanting to hear his thoughts. He immediately agreed to appointment. The next day I drove out to his office. In the key concept of relationship building, one of the bureaus to do this is with a face to face appointment.In addition one must lead with questions that are ad hominem, this always help to build rapport and allows me to really pop to determine the client. The second part to the oppugn is to demonstrate effective listening. As soon as I arrived for the appointment, almost immediately as we shook give I notice he had a unique metal bracelet on with multiple engravements. I asked him about the bracelet, and this began a fifteen minute conversation, he explained that he served two terms in Afghanistan with the United States Navy as an E. O. D. (Explosive Ordinance Device). The names inscribed on the bracelet are those friends who were killed.I spend the next hour really trying to understand him in person. I asked question, after question, the conversation liquefyed so naturally. The conversation evolved to where I uncovered his biggest challenge in moving to the civilian world which is finding purpose. There I had begun to build his trust. The questioning and effective listening have paid off. Through effective listening I navigated the conversations from personal question, to bloodline framed questions. I really began to question the current o rganizational strategies, and structure, and goals. When I demonstrated effective listening, the questions naturally flow.The conversation did not arduous interrogative, but genuine. Through this conversation, I uncovered so much more than just organizational time management necessitate. It allowed me to uncover the fact they are looking for a global time management solution, they needed a project management solution, an entry level managers training program, and even a solution to help them execute on their goals. Almost always when I schedule a face to face client meeting, it is always scheduled for an hour. This client appointment had at rest(p) nearly two hours and forty five minutes. The meeting thus far was spent building the relationship though effective listening.During the late portion of the conversation I looked down at my page full of notes, it is time for me to make my recommendation. I made a series of recommendations. My first recommendation is around the time mana gement needs, then project management, then I tie in all the global and manager needs. I held off on the execution needs for the time. At the final closure of the meeting, I make the promise to send him what we talked about and the associated pricing. He shakes my hand and communicates he has already made his decision, and he would bid to start with the first phase immediately.Because I was able to build the relationship, demonstrate effective listening, I did not have to sell him on the data. He didnt need case studies, or industry comparisons, or how our solutions match to their competencies. He trusted me. He believed I did have the solution. He was ready to move. Had I not had the meeting with him, and was limited to the first contact within Orica I would have never had this account produce what it has. When I initiated my face to face meeting with the potential client, I recognized almost immediately how well he responded to my personal questions.Walking into the meeting I kne w what needed to be achieved, I needed to be closing a sale. I was aware of the key concepts behind a consultative sales role, but was unsure how I would achieve this. Opening the conversation with a personal question relating to his bracelet he was wearing, immediately set the tone for the remainder of the time to abridgeher. It really was exciting to have the conversation flow so naturally. One question led to the next and the next after that. It was an enjoyable conversation that allowed me to learn so much about the client personally and his background with the war.I also enjoyed hearing more about his transitions and its struggles moving from military to civilian organizations. During this time of the conversation, I was not concerned about lecture about the solutions I could offer, or how I would close the sale, I was simply engaged in what the client had to say. With this appointment I was able to experience first hand why being face to face is vastly more valuable than a vi rtual meeting. Had I not been meeting with this client face to face, I would have not seen his bracelet, and chances are never had the opportunity to ask him about his background.I also realized that once I was in the thick of this personal conversation that was so very interesting, I was able to demonstrate effective listening. Because of the nature of the conversation, I was easily able to listen effectively. As I ask one question, how he responded would result in my next question. I was able to be very specific in my questions, really trying to understand the personal challenges he had face along with the new challenges as a result of becoming a civilian.As I reflect on the results of listening effectively, I realize how I was able to navigate the conversation to uncover many challenges within the organization. At the end of the client meeting, I looked down at the notes I had taken. I was genuinely impressed by how specific and deep my notes were. I could now make very specific recommendations. This really was an experience I had wanted for very long. The more specific and clearer understandings of what the clients needs are the clearer and more specific of a recommendation I can make.As I talked through the solutions and then followed it up with the recommendation on next steps, the client was extremely engaged. He was even surprisingly enthusiastic, that I was able to provide solutions to the challenges to which he had been tasked. What came as an even bigger surprise, he agreed to my recommendations on the spot He wanted to talk though the details of starting the implementation. This was the first client appointment I had experience where I had demonstrated building the relationship, through effective listening resulting in a client agreeing immediately to the recommendation.As a result I know have a deep pervasive relationship with the client who is so fulfilling and rewarding. In addition to this joyous relationship, I also have a large revenue produc ing account. This is the dream of every sales person. Since experiencing such success in executing the three key concepts, I have change and altered how I facilitate a face to face client appointment. I now see that the face to face appointment is more impactful and valuable to the sales process. Demonstrating the three key concepts at the meeting is vital to the success of my condescension.When meeting face to face with clients, I focus on building the client relationship by primarily focusing on the person to whom the meeting is focused. If I can build repoire by effective questioning and listening, the recommendation, and making the sale will come much earlier. This experience has also resulted in deeper personal relationships. In addition to applying these principles in a professional environment, I have now begun to practice these concepts in personal relationships. I spend time really focusing on gaining deeper relationships through effective listening.I have now gained the e xperience on how to grow deep pervasive relationships. An essential element of sales is building client relationships. The fastest way to get what you want is first to help others get what they want (Gaffney 2010). The best behavior change we can make as a sale professional is to simply get over ourselves and start focusing on our client and their needs. Commonality of purpose unites you with multitude it builds rapport that leads to trust and to the development of a long-term, profitable relationship (Graffney 2010).The key first step of the sales process is establishing trust though development of the relationship. The client or potential client is not interested in what we have to say or what we are selling, unless they see how it is in their best interest. When engaging with client the universal truth Focus on the client is the key to acquiring what you want (Graffney 2010). When meeting with a client, we need to maintain this as a paradigm building the client relationship and not falsely pretending to be interested. The interest generated prior to the sale must be intentional and genuine.A clients sustainable success is based on the principle success in tune is about-helping your client, not helping yourself (Graffney 2010). The top 10 percent know that they can however be successful if theyre focused on helping people rather than helping themselves making the sale. Consultative selling is about starting a dialogue to uncover a prospects problem and then helping them solve the problem in the best way possible. In order to uncover the problem we must have the ability to not only ask questions, but to demonstrate the skill of effective listening. Listening is both a behavior and a skill (Bonet 2001).Many believe they have the skill of listening. Effective listening is receiving information, giving meaning to the information, deciding what you think or feel about that information, responding to what you hear (Bonet 2001). Most of us are not tidy listener s. Research indicates We listen to 25% of our potential which means, we forget, ignore, distort, or misunderstand 75% of what we hear (Bonet 2001). When we are able to listen effectively we are able to understand problems, and build relationships (Bonet 2001).If we are not effectively listening to prospects or clients how is trust established? Without trust there is no client relationship. Consultative selling, in a nutshell is the art of effective questioning, listening, and probing the client to effectively ascertain their problems, challenges, goals, and preyions then presenting solution options, which is customized to meet their specific needs and are designed to form undestroyable working partnerships with the client to maximize their investment (Bennett 2006).Consultative selling us focused almost exclusively on the clients rather than the product they are selling. The object is to understand the clients situation to the degree that the sale and implementation of the product or service becomes a seamless integral part of the clients ongoing business operation (Bennett 2006). It is apparent when the sales individuals executes successfully on building the client relationship through effective listening, advancement of the sell through competent recommendations is inevitable.The success I experienced from the client face to face meeting has the potential to change almost all of my personal engagements with others. For role model by applying the alike(p) concepts to both personal and professional relationships I can deepen and broaden these relationships. The skillset of being intentional on building relationships through effective listening can transform almost any relationship. People enjoy talking about themselves.If we genuinely want to develop and grow any relationship, personal and professional, by taking the attention off of ourselves, and focus on the learning about others, people respond positively. The behavior of effective listening communicat es to the individual that they are unique and special. I have learned that people are accustomed to only talking about themself. People are often pleasantly impress when they learn you are not there to talk about yourself, but rather learn about them Prior to this experience I would be very nervous and almost sick over high value appointments.I was under the belief that I need to have a strong business case, and with that alone, I would be able to make the sale. This experience demonstrated that focusing on the client through effective listen is the most effect way to gain sustainable results. I will now have the confidence and ability to meet and work with larger more complex clients. By applying the same principles of building the client relationship though effective listening, I can make competent recommendations, that the client will trust.This will allow me to grow my business and the depth I am able to penetrate. Finally since this experience, I am now aware the building rela tionships requires being intentional. A quote that really strain this, is by former GE CEO, Jack Welsh Be interested, not interesting. The experience with this particular client taught me how true this statement is. I have since experienced the same success in the personal setting as I did in the professional. I look forward to additional successes, based on this model.

Mrs. Acres Homemade Pies and Soft Drink

Mrs. Acres Homemade Pies and Soft Drink Joaquin Angles BUS 508 The Business first step 04/23/2010 The company produces specialty pies and sells them in local supermarkets and select family restaurants. In each of the first six months, Shelly and three part time employees sold 2,000 pies for $4. 50 each, netting a profit of $1. 50 per pie. The pies were quite successful and Shelly could not keep up with demand. The companys success results from a quality harvest-tide and productive employees who atomic number 18 motivated by incentives and who enjoy being part of a successful new duty.To meet demand, Shelly expanded operations, borrowing money and increasing staff to quartet full-time employees. Production and sales affixd to 8,000 pies per month, and profits soared to $12,000 per month. However, demand for Mrs. Acres Homemade Pies continues to accelerate beyond what Shelly can supply. She has several options (1) maintain current payoff levels and raise prices (2) expand the fa cility and staff while maintaining the current price or (3) contract the production of the pies to a content restaurant chain, giving Shelly a percentage of profits with minimal involvement.When Shelly Acres started selling her pies, she had to find her own customers. None of the local restaurants and supermarkets knew her products, so she had to offer an affordable product to interest restaurants and supermarkets in her products. As demand increased, Shelly started producing more pies to meet this demand. At the moment, she cannot supply all the demand. A way to decrease this demand is to increase prices. She can also increase the production level to meet the demand.The first option implies that Shellys company is not going to grow since its current size will be maintained by keeping an artificially high price. The second solution requires Shelly to find the resources to finance the expansion of her activities. The third option leads Shelly to lose her specific know-how by provid ing it to the national restaurant chain. It also implies that Shelly does not own her business any longer. In economics we classify goods as tangible products, example might include intellectual nourishment and drink, cars, digital televisions, flat-screen televisions, energy roducts and cricket bats Services are sometimes known as intangibles, education and health-care are two important services and tourism, business consultancy, cleaning and home insurance are all examples of services. A soft-drink shaper produces several flavors of drink for example, cola, orange, and lemon. Each flavor has several versions such as regular, diet, and caffeine-free. The manufacturer operates factories in several states. You have input records that list version, flavor, yearly production in gallons, and state (for example Regular Cola 5000 Kansas).The aim of segmentation in consumer markets is to bring the focus on to manageable groups of like-minded individuals who have a high disposition for a product. Coca-Cola has customers who want low cost drinks for consumption at home. It has customers who want a mixer or a non-alcoholic drink in a bar. It has customers who are hot and thirsty and want a cool refresher course outside the Duomo in Florence. The same consumers may at various times join one of the segments and when they do, they will see the product in a contrary light and value it in a different way.In business-to-business markets the aim of segmentation is similarly to arrive at clusters of like-minded companies. There is a very quick pressure to use segmentation in business-to-business markets to win a competitive advantage as there is often little to differentiate one product from another. Segmentation therefore links strongly with a strategy to achieve a sustainable differentiated position. References highered. mcgraw-hill. com/sites/dl/free/ /ferrell_walkthrough. pdf http//www. b2binternational. com/library/whitepapers/whitepapers03. php

God and His Mission

Eileen Paulino One of seven virtues of ancient Grecian times was credence. Faith is complete trust or confidence in somevirtuoso or something. no subject area of where we are in our lives we always maintain opinion that we will either advance in feelspan or things will simply get break dance. I myself didnt always have faith I didnt think that if I wanted something bad enough it would happen for me. I always looked slightly at my surroundings and saw myself as a Hispanic female with goals and ambition who no matter how hard she worked wouldnt amount to much because to most of the world slightly me I was simply that a Hispanic female from the Bronx.There was definitely a time when I confounded all faith in myself my world seemed to be crashing down right before my eyes. On August 11th of 2009 I lost someone who was very important to me, my uncle. We were so much alike sthrong personalities and two people who wanted to a greater extent in life and had faith that somehow or s ome way we would render better for our families. I was much younger but losing him caused me to want to give up I didnt understand why it was that he had been taken from me he was one of a couple of people of who had faith in me and how furthermost I could go in life see Ive always had a passion for fashion.For on as I can remember it has been a great part of me. When I lost my uncle I felt as though I hadnt done enough while he was around and that now I was being punished with having to deal with his lost and a family who was devastated. My mother had lost her associate and my grandmother her eldest son for so long their faces had no idea as to what a pull a face was and seeing my mother and grandmother so down caused great change in me.I no extended was doing well in school and for the first time in my life I stopped bill of exchange and fashion wasnt as important to me any(prenominal)more. As time progressed I wasnt getting any better I had tried to make myself believe th at my uncle was stillness on vacation in the friar preacher Republic and that he would be back but these unrealistic hopes as time went by became on the dot that I was being faced with the fact that he was gone. My mother soon enough began to see me adult up on my dream and that I was not doing well in school anymore and it started to separate her apart.My mother was and still is my biggest cheerleader when I didnt have faith in myself she did so why was I letting her down? At some point it hit me that everything happens for a reason and that my uncle was in a better place he as no longer suffering and regardless he was face down on me and he wouldnt have liked for me to give on my dream so I needed to have faith in myself that I could go on and that regardless of how the equaliser of the world perceives me I can become someone.Theres no reason to lose faith because life handed me a tough time I realized this should motivate me to have more faith in myself and who I believed I was destined to be. I began to do better in school and started to draw out again, fashion is my calling and I shouldve never lost faith my myself. Till this day although Im still very young have so much more to learn and I harbort accomplished my dream I dont lose faith in that one day I will and thats all thanks to my mother.My mother was born and raised in the Dominican republic and she always had faith that her life will someday turn around and when she had her family she would provide them with a better life then she was given and till this day she hasnt failed us, shes been the top hat mother anyone could ever ask for and for my lifetime Ill be grateful she never lost faith in me because thanks to her I didnt lose faith in myself and Im still fighting for my dream.The first reading I came across with my professor this semester was Sherman Alexie The Joy of Reading and Writing pane and me, this is a short story about a Spokane Indian whos will to be better and great faith i n himself allowed for great success to come his was regardless of the challenges he faced in his earlier life.

Ethical Dilemma a Walmart Manager Might Face Essay

Using Collaborative Care The close to common uses for collaborative care are perseverings with chronic diseases and patients with multiplex problems in need of care crossways a continuum of health care screen backgrounds. Chronic diseases that benefit from the use of the collaborative model of care implicate eccentric person II diabetes mellitus, diseases of the cardiovascular system such as hypertension and heart failure, and renal disease, such as failure or chronic insufficiency. In addition, addictions such as those to illegal substances or alcohol, and noetic health issues are ideal for the application of the team admittance to care.Evidence clearly shows that the collaborative approach significantly increases the quality of care and patient satisfaction with his or her care. According to Kearney (2008), team care is complex because the members must recognize each others competencies, determine the division of responsibilities for patient care and stick by to essentia l communication and documentation protocols. Successful collaborative teams exhibit respect and focus for the common patient goals, have clear role assignments, respect and understand each members competencies, use effective and frequent communication and are able to resolve onflicts in a timely manner without major(ip) disruptions in the flow of care to the patient. Barriers to successful collaborative team care allow in any type of breakdown within the team. The most common issues that impact negatively on successful collaboration include disrespect for other members, role boundary conflicts, ineffective communication and power struggles between professions. Conclusion As society ages the number of people with chronic diseases and complex illnesses will continue to increase. The acute care setting is only one stop along the continuum of care for the treatment of these conditions.

Books And Reading Essay

local Vocabulary 1. Categorisation Childrens and adults retains travel books and biography romantic and historical novels thrillers investigator stories science illustration/fantasy non-fiction pulp fiction. absorbing adult amusing contr oversial dense deject delightful dirty disturbing dull fascinating gripping moralistic obscene outrageous mysterious whimsical unputdownable. 2.Books and their parts paperback and hardback binding cover jacket gentle epigraph preface the contents list fly leaf bookplate blurb a beautifully printed book a tome savet against in leather a book with dense print/ with loose pages. 3. take a leak aiming habits to form a bringing habit early in purport to render silently/incessantly/avidly/voratiously to designate curled up in chair to present a child/ cardinalself to sleep to be doomed/absorbed in a book to devour books to dip into/glance over/pore over/thumb through a book to browse through newspapers and periodicals to s rump/ skim a powder store an avid/alert/keen reader.4. Library facilities read rooms and reference sections the subject/ informant/title/on-line catalogue the enquiry desk computer assisted reference service to borrow/renew/ bring books CDs and video tapes rargon books to keep books that be overdue books vulnerable to theft to suspend ones membership to be banned from the library. I. Use the thematic vocabulary in answering the following questions 1. Which books ar you reading now? 2. Where is your favored place to read? 3. Who is your favourite novelist? 4. Who is your favourite char deeder? 5.Which contemporary reference do you near admire? 6. Which is the first book you bed recommend reading? 7. Which school textual matter did you most enjoy? 8. What is your favourite childrens book? 9. Which book would you akin to see filmed? 10. What is the most difficult book you stimulate ever read? II. Work in groups. Find out just almost the last book separately of your partners has read a nd make notes on these rouses Author and title Type of book and whats it slightly Reason for liking it Reason for recommending it to others III. Work in pairs. Choose the outgo alternating(a) to complete these sentences1. Oliver Twist is a classic work of incline . Literature non-fiction letters mutations 2. The plot of the bilgewater was very elicit, but I didnt find the . Persons people characters figurers 3. This book is a special edition for foreign readers, so theres a(n) . Appendix glossary introduction preface table of contents 4. A novel is unremarkably divided into several . Chapters units sections passages 5. If you need to find most tuition in a non-fiction book, look in the .Atlas blurb catalogue diary index review 6. Cambridge University condense is the of the book youre reading. Author editor printer publisher 7. A great novel has a severe plot and a strong . Communication meaning message significance 8. The book was wondrously and it was a joy to read. Stylistic tedious well-written wonderful 9. Ernest Heming counselling is one of my American writers. Best favourite nonsuch most popular 10. The thriller was so exciting that I couldnt .Let it down look it up pick it up put it down 11. Even the characters in the book are re totallyy interesting. little minor small tiny 12. Id like to that book when youve read it.Borrow look at sum up loan IV. In these sentences three alternatives are correct and two are wrong. Choose the best three alternatives for each 1. The character in the book is called Oliver. Central main principal principle crystalise 2. I enjoy her books because her style is so very . Dull entertaining readable tedious true-to-life(prenominal) 3. I found that the characters in the story were very . Amusing believable informative likeable thrill 4. There were so many an(prenominal) twists in the plot that I didnt really think it was . faithful authentic convincing realistic true-to-life 5.She doesnt rea d any fiction because she prefers reading . Biographies unforesightful stories textbooks non-fiction science fiction 6. I cant books like those they just send me to sleep. Bear accommodate enjoy stand suffer V. Fill in the gaps in these sentences with suitable verbiage 1. You can borrow books from a or buy them from a . 2. A writer can also be called an . 3. I cant afford to buy the book in hardback, so Ill wait boulder clay it comes out in . 4. I cant remember the of the book, but I know it had a yellow . 5.A book that heralds somebodys life story is called a . VI. Match each word in the column with the explanation Ballad, biography, novel, drama, poem, fairy relation, poetry, story, rhyme, novelette a) a story in prose, capacious enough to fill in one or to a greater extent volumes, about either imaginary or historical people b) piece of creative writing in verse form, especially one expressing recondite feeling or noble thought in beautiful language, composed wi th the desire to spread abroad an pee-pee it off c) simple song or poem, especially one that tells an old story d) the art of a poet, poemse) tale about fairies of imaginary origin f) branch of literature dealing with the lives of persons g) play for the theatre, radio or TV h) verse for small children characterized by sameness of sound of the ending or two more words at the ends of lines of verse i) little novel (story in prose) j) account of past or imaginary events. VII. Read the following extract and make with your groupmates the list of the books you would like to read while travelling The Book- Bag many people read for instruction, ad some for pleasure, but not a few read from habit.I belong to that company. Let us admit that reading is just a drug that we cannot get on without. Books are necessary to me and I never traveled far without enough reading matter. But when I am starting on a long journey the problem is really great. I have learnt my lesson. Once I fell ill in a small town in deep brown and had to stay in bed for three months. I came to the end of all the books I had brought with me and knowing no Dutch had to buy the schoolbooks from which intelligent Javanese, I suppose, got knowledge of French and German.So I read again after twenty-five years the plays of Goethe, the fables of La Fontaine and the tragedies of Racine. I have the greatest admiration for Racine, but I admit that to read his plays one after the other requires a certain effort in a person who is ill. Since then I have made a point of travelling with a cock-a-hoop sack full of books for all(prenominal) possible occasion and any mood. There are books of all kinds.Volumes of verse, novels, philosophical works, critical studies (they say books about books are useless, but they certainly make very pleasant reading), biographies, record there are books to read when you are ill and books to read when your brain want something to work at there are books that you have eterna lly wanted to read but in the hurry of life at seat have never found time to there are books to read at sea there are books for bad weather there are books chosen solely for their length, which you take along when you have o travel light, and there are the books you can read when you can read nothing else.(from W. somerset Maugham) VIII. See how many authors and titles you can match For Whom the Bell Tolls Charlotte Bronte A Perfect alien Charles Dickens Airport Walter Scott Sister Carrie Dan Brown Tom Sawyer Daphne du Maurier Pride and Prejudice Arthur Hailey Martin Eden Danielle leaf blade Of Human Bondage Ernest Hemingway Alice in Wonderland Mark Twain Ivanhoe Lewis Carroll Rebecca Jack London David Copperfield Theodore Dreiser Jane Eyre Somerset Maugham The Da Vinci autograph Iris Murdock Black Prince Jane Austen IX. Read the text and declare or disagree with the statements belowAn English author once wrote Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed or digested. This quotation tells us how to read books of unalike kinds. Most travel books are to be tasted its enough to dip into them and read bits here and there. If you are fond of crime stories (A. Christie, G. Simenon and the rest of modern favourites) you will read them quickly, youll swallow them. And then there are books that youll read slowly and carefully. If a books on an important subject, and a subject youre interested in, youll want to chew and digest it.And youll want to weigh what the author says and consider his ideas and arguments. 1) indication English fiction with a dictionary is very dull. 2) If the book is very exciting, you swallow it. 3) Nobody reads reference books for relaxation. 4) Reading thick science fiction books is tiring. 5) Very intelligent people dont read detective stories. 6) Non-fiction books cant be inspirational. 7) Travel books give you a lot of useful information. 8) Unfortunately many young people are not in the habit of reading poetry. 9) Great boo k-lovers never lend their books.10) Lots of people buy books for their bright and beautiful jackets. 11) Bookcases and bookshelves are the best kind of decoration for a living-room. 12) Its of no use collecting book issues of magazines and newspapers. X. Read the following passage and say if you agree with the author Some people think that as more and more people have their TV-sets in their internals, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures?Why read a novel, when a play o television can tell you the same story with likeness picture and action? Why read the biographies of famous men and women, when an hour-long television programme can tell you all that you want to know? Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers and magazines sell in very larger-than-life numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are mute a cheap way to get information and entertainment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are published today as paperback books, which are reasonably cheap.A paperback novel, for example, is almost always cheaper than an evening at the movie or theatre, and you can keep a book forever and read it many times. Books in the home are a wonderful source of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. Every home should have an atlas of the world, with large clear maps. It might be expensive, but a good encyclopedia is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject.In addition, it is useful to have on your bookshelves other non-fiction books such as level books, science textbooks, cookery books, books about medicine and health, etc. It is equally important to have some fiction on your shelves, too. Then you can relax with a good story, or from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favourite poets. XI. Choose the best answer accord to the information in the passage 1. Which is easier to get the news from? a) newspaper b) the television 2.Which is usually quicker? a) to read a biography of a famous person b) to watch a TV programme about a famous person 3. Which is usually cheaper? a) a paperback b) an evening at the cinema 4. Which is usually cheaper? a) a paperback b) a hardcover book 5. Which is it most important to have in your home? a) non-fiction books, such as dictionaries and encyclopedias b) fiction, such as novels, short stories and books of poems c) a mixture of both good non-fiction and your favourite fiction XII. Discuss the following questions with your partners 1.Were your parents worried that you watched too a great deal TV when you were younger? 2. Did you find TV more interesting than anything else when you were at school? 3. Programmes on what subject do you like most of a ll? 4. Can you learn all you want on TV? 5. Do you think you get more information from books or TV? 6. Is it easier for you to memorize facts watching TV or reading books? 7. What do you like more to read books or to watch TV? XIII. Different people enjoy reading for opposite reasons. You will read five people saying why they like reading novels.Which of them says that novels a) are good for improving language skills? b) make them forget their problems? c) add some adventure to their life? d) teach them how to act in certain situations? e) increase their knowledge of other cultures? Reading Novels Ricky Oh, I love novels, especially if they have a good plot. I started reading them when I was 12, encouraged by my parents who were hoping Id be a writer myself. As it happened, reading so much at an early age had an doing on my studies, my compositions were always very good And I still read at least one novel a week.My own life isnt terribly exciting, apart from my work, which is very interesting, nothing much happens. In the novels I read theres always a lot going on, heaps of thrilling events, and I can share in the experiences and problems of the characters. Ella Well, I use to read only short stories. That changed when I moved to a new city and found myself in a job I didnt really enjoy. I would get back home at about 5p. m. , make some supper and sit down to read a novel for the rest of the evening. Many of them are pretty implausible stories, and not particularly well-written.Its not as if you can imagine yourself in any of those situations, but the thing is they take my mind off whatevers worrying me. Ive had long conversations about this with friends who think I should read better quality staff, but I know what Im doing. Sally Why I like reading novels? I remember as an adolescent, I used to read novels just so as to see how my favourite characters solved their problems. I thought I could then apply that to my own problems And Im not ashamed to say tha ts still the case, thats what Im looking for in the novels I read, and thats my reason for reading them.I always choose novels that are in a clear style, because I find complicated language difficult. And also I like the stories to be about countries and cultures I know well, because then I can understand the characters better. Tom I think reading novels is helping me a great deal in my studies, and although I havent got much spare time, I always make a point of reading a couple of hours in the evening. Im in my last year at secondary school, and frankly, reading novels is an excellent way of learning how people live in other countries, how they communicate with each other, what problems they have.Thats why I prefer novels with characters who are true to life, not the ones who have insufferable adventures. Im very lucky because my best friend also likes reading and we can a lot discuss what weve both read. Alex I like reading novels because they help me develop the ability to writ e myself. I used to have real problems in producing a good piece of writing. It wasnt that I lacked ideas, no, my teachers always said my compositions were interesting. But I couldnt get my tenses right. Thats where reading novels helped.I dont think you can learn much about other things from novels, because the situations are usually so unrealistic. Some people say thats OK, if your lifes boring, you need the excitement of fiction. Well, my lifes exciting enough, so thats not my problem. 1. Do you like to read novels? Why? 2. Do you think that reading makes a person intelligent? XIV. Comment on the following 1. A house looks gloomy and unhappy without books. 2. If the book is worth reading it is worth buying. 3. Books and friends should be few and good.